WEATHER REPORT

Weather Report is the text of weather prediction for a specific locality. Weather report presented about rainfall, temperature, humidity an area based on prediction of weather experts. Weather report usually find in a newspaper, on the radio, on the television and etc.

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

The PRESENT PERFECT TENSE is formed with a present tense form of "to have" plus the past participle of the verb (which can be either regular or irregular in form). This tense indicates either that an action was completed (finished or "perfected") at some point in the past or that the action extends to the present:

I have walked two miles already [but I'm still walking].

I have run the Boston Marathon [but that was some time ago].

The critics have praised the film Saving Private Ryan since it came out [and they continue to do so].

The choice between Present Perfect and Simple Past is often determined by the adverbial accompanying the verb. With adverbs referring to a period gone by, we would use the simple past:

I studied all night/yesterday/on Wednesday.

With adverbs beginning in the past and going up to present, we would use the present perfect:

I have studied up to now/lately/already.

An adverbial time-marker such as "today, this month," or "for an hour" can take either the simple past or present perfect:

I worked/have worked hard today.

We tend to use the Present Perfect when reporting or announcing an event of the recent past:

The company's current CEO has lied repeatedly to her employees.

 

 

Singular	Plural
I have walked	we have walked
you have walked	you have walked
he/she/it has walked	they have walked

Singular	Plural
I have slept	we have slept
you have slept	you have slept
he/she/it has slept	they have slept

Singular	Plural
I have been	we have been
you have been	you have been
he/she/it has been	they have been

 

So, Too, Neither and Either

'So do I' and 'neither do I'

(Download this explanation in PDF here).

I use 'so do I' to say that a positive sentence is also true for me, and I use 'neither do I' to say that a negative sentence is also true for me:

• John: I hate mushrooms.
• Me: So do I (=I also hate mushrooms).

• Lucy: I don't live in London.
• Me: Neither do I (=I also don't live in London. For example, maybe Lucy and I both live in Paris).

This is often used as a reply to someone else in a conversation, but both sentences can also be said by the same person, and even joined together:

• Me: Elizabeth loves coffee. So do I.
• Me: Harry doesn't play the piano and neither do I.

In my examples above, I use 'do' because the first sentence is in the present simple tense. The verb after 'so' or 'neither' changes depending on the tense of the verb in the first sentence. (This is very similar to tag questions).

Present simple: use 'do / does'	Lucy likes coffee. So do I. Lucy doesn't like coffee. Neither do I.
Present simple with 'be': use 'am / is / are'	John's at the office. So am I. John isn't at the office. Neither am I.
Present continuous: use 'am / is / are'	Luke's going out tonight. So am I. Luke isn't going out tonight. Neither am I.
Past Simple: use 'did'	Jill went to the cinema yesterday. So did I. Jill didn't go to the cinema yesterday. Neither did I.
Past simple with 'be': use 'was / were'	She was at the library. So was I. She wasn't at the library. Neither was I.
Present perfect: use 'have / has'	They've been to Colombia. So have I. They haven't been to Colombia. Neither have I.
Future simple: use 'will'	Edward will be at the cafe later. So will I. Edward won't be at the cafe later. Neither will I.
Modal verbs: repeat the modal verb	He would like a cup of tea. So would I. He wouldn't like a cup of tea. Neither would I. Emma can speak Russian. So can I. Emma can't speak Russian. Neither can I.

What about 'too' and 'either'?

We can also use 'I do too' and 'I don't either', which mean the same as 'so do I' and 'neither do I':

• John: I hate mushrooms.
• Me: I do too (=I also hate mushrooms).

• Lucy: I don't live in London.
• Me: I don't either (=I also don't live in London).

The verb changes in the same way as with 'so do I' and 'neither do I' (remember you need a negative verb with 'either'):

• Present simple: John's at the office. I am too.
• Present continuous: Luke isn't going out tonight. I'm not either.
• Present perfect: They've been to Colombia. I have too.
• Modal verbs: Emma can't speak Russian. I can't either.

'Me too' and 'me neither':

We can also use 'me too' and 'me neither'. 'Me too' has the same meaning as 'so + auxiliary verb + I' and 'me neither' has the same meaning as 'neither + auxiliary verb + I'. 'Me too' and 'me neither' are very informal:

• John: I hate mushrooms.
• Me: Me too (=I also hate mushrooms).

• Lucy: I don't live in London.
• Me: Me neither (=I also don't live in London).

Subjects other than 'I':

Of course, we can also use these expressions to talk about what's true for other people, not just ourselves:

• John: I hate mushrooms.
• Me: So does Laura / Laura does too / Laura too.

• Lucy: I don't live in London.
• Me: Neither does David / David doesn't either / David neither.

Some more examples:

• We live in London and so do they.
• Emma loves tennis. Jill and Laura do too.
• My parents don't come here often. Neither does Alex.
• She isn't French and neither is he.
• You don't like cold weather. Neither do we.

Try an exercise about using 'so do I' and 'neither do I' here

TABLE AND GRAPHS :D

Tables & Graphs

 

Tables and graphs are both ways to organize and arrange data so that it is more easily understood by the viewer. Tables and graphs are related in the sense that the information used in tables is frequently also used for the basis of graphs.

It is important to know how to create and interpret tables and graphs as they are used in many important areas of research, and used to help people in decision making.

This website has information on the various types of tables and graphs as well as graphics and quizzes to help you understand these ideas better.

For questions and comments: VirtEd Feedback Center

A site

Tables & Graphs Main Page	Tables	Bar Graphs
Column Graphs	Line Graphs	Circle/Pie Graphs

POSTER :D

    A poster is any piece of printed paper designed to be attached to a wall or vertical surface. Typically posters include both textual and graphic elements, although a poster may be either wholly graphical or wholly text. Posters are designed to be both eye-catching and informative. Posters may be used for many purposes. They are a frequent tool of advertisers (particularly of events, musicians and films), propagandists, protestors and other groups trying to communicate a message. Posters are also used for reproductions of artwork, particularly famous works, and are generally low-cost compared to original artwork.

Adjective Clause

Adjective clause is dependent clause that used to combine two sentences into the a sentence.  we can used:

1.      Who, Used to describe the action of the matters discussed in the sentence.

2.      Which, Used to describe a more distant object.

3.      Whose, Whose is used to demonstrate the ownership of an object.

4.      Whom, Whom is always associated with an explanation of the object. In contrast to who is giving the explanation that someone is doing something. Whom describes a person as well as serve as a passive object in the sentence.

5.      That, Used to describe a more distant object. Almost the same as roomates. Nevertheless, both are very different. The differences will be discussed in detail next article.

6.      Where,  Used to declare the place in accordance with the existing context of the sentence.

7.      When, Used to describe the time associated with the existing context of the sentence.

There are two main kinds of adjective clause:

©      Non-defining clauses: Give extra information about the noun, but they are not essential.

©      Defining Clauses: Give essential information about the noun.

TRANSITIONS :D

TRANSITION WORDS

Transition word is connector word to connect an idea between a main idea into a paragraph that used used by the author to help the reader progress from one significant idea to the next.

1. ADDITION (TAMBAHAN):

To express additional information from the parent statement. Word or phrase that is often used them.
also = juga
again = lagi
as well as = dan
besides = disamping
coupled with = ditambah dengan
furthermore = lagi pula
in addition = sebagai tambahan
likewise = demikian juga
moreover = selain itu
similarly = dengan cara yang sama

Examples:

1.      She can speak English besides French.
(Dia bisa berbahasa Inggris disamping Bahasa
Perancis)

2.      My father, as well as Jim, goes to Bali.
(Ayah saya, dan Jim, pergi ke Bali )

3.      She speaks French and German and also a little
Russian.
( Dia bisa berbahasa Perancis dan Jerman dan juga
sedikit Bahasa Rusia )

4.      Don’t do that again .
(Jangan lakukan itu lagi)

5.      The name of “Ambon” is forever coupled with “Bika”,
although it is from Medan.
(Nama Ambon selamanya akan melekat pada kata“Bika”, walaupun Bika Ambon berasal dari Medan )

6.      “Soto Medan” was excellent, and likewise the
“Marquisa”.
( Soto Medan memang luar biasa, demikian juga
dengan Marquisanya)

2. CONSEQUENCE (KONSEKUENSI)

To express consequences of an act. Words / Phrases commonly used are:

 
accordingly = maka
as a result = karena
consequently = sehingga
for this reason = untuk alasan ini
for this purpose = hasilnya
hence = karena itu
otherwise = sebaliknya
so then = jadi
subsequently = kemudian
therefore = oleh karena itu
thus = demikian
thereupon = lalu
wherefore = lalu

Examples

1.      The price of nine kinds of basic needs rose sharply
last year. Accordingly , this increase influenced the
price of most products.
(Harga sembako naik tajam tahun yang lalu. Maka,
kenaikan ini mempengaruhi kenaikan harga
kebanyakan produk)

2.      She died as a result of her injuries.
(Dia meninggal karena lukanya )
My car broke down and consequently I arrive rather
late.
( Mobilku rusak sehingga saya pulang agak telat )

3.      Thereupon he got up and walked out.
(Lalu, dia berdiri dan keluar )

4.      He is the eldest son in the family and thus heir to
the title.
(Dia adalah anak tertua di keluarga itu, dengan
demikian warisan jatuh ke tangannya )

3. CONTRAST AND COMPARISON:

That function as resistance from the previous meaning and give a comparison. Word /  phrase that is often used them.

by the same token = begitu pula
conversely = sebaliknya
instead = malah
likewise = begitu pula
on one hand = di sisi lain
on the other hand = sebaliknya
on the contrary = sebaliknya
similarly = demikian pula, sama halnya
yet = namun, tetapi
but = namun, tetapi
however = namun, tetapi
still = namun, tetapi
nevertheless = namun, tetapi

Examples:

1.      I’m going to bed and you would be well advised to
do likewise.
(Saya mau pergi tidur dan begitu juga dengan kamu )

2.      You can add the fluid to the powder or, conversely,
the powder to the fluid.
(Anda dapat memasukkan cairan itu ke dalam
tepung atau sebaliknya, masukkankan tepung ke
dalam cairan)

3.      It doesn’t seem ugly to me; on the contrary, I think,
It’s rather beautiful.
(Kelihatannya tidak jelek; sebaliknya, menurut saya,
kelihatan agak cantik)

4.      She trained hard all year yet still failed to reach her
best form.
(Dia sudah berlatih keras sepanjang tahun namun
masih gagal menemukan penampilan terbaiknya)

5.      This defeat was widely predicted but it is
disappointing nevertheless.
(Kekalahan ini sudah diprediksi sebelumnya namun
hasilnya mengecewakan )

4. DIRECTION:

That serve to demonstrate place or direction. Word / phrase that is often used:

here = disini
there = disana
over there = di sebelah sana
opposite = di seberang
under = di bawah
above = di atas
to the left = ke arah kiri
to the right = ke arah kanan
in the distance = di kejauhan

Examples:

1.      I was waiting for you there .
(Saya menunggumu di sana )

2.      He was standing over there.
(Dia waktu itu sedang berdiri di sebelah sana )

3.      The machine is under opreation.
(Mesin ini sedang dalam perbaikan)

4.      The thief ran to the left and the police ran to the
right.
(Pencuri itu lari ke kiri dan polisi itu lari pula ke
kanan)

5. DIVERSION:
That serve to deflect conversation. Word / phrase that is often used are:

by the way = ngomong-ngomong
incidentally = ngomong-ngomong

Examples
Incidentally, How is Miranda? I’ve never heard about
her for years.
(Ngomong-ngomong, apa kabarnya si Miranda?
Sudah bertahun-tahun aku tak pernah mendengar
kabarnya)
By the way , How is Miranda? I’ve never heard about
her for years.
(Ngomong-ngomong, apa kabarnya si Miranda?
Sudah bertahun-tahun aku tak pernah mendengar
kabarnya)

6. EMPHASIS

That words/frase used to emphasize the purpose of conversation. Words / Phrases commonly used are:

above all = asalkan
chiefly = terutama
with attention to = khususnya
especially = khususnya
particularly = khususnya
singularly = khususnya

Examples

1.      He waits a long time above all else to see his family
again.
(Dia sudah menunggu lama asalkan dapat
berjumpa dengan keluarganya lagi )

2.      The government is chiefly concerned with controlling
inflation.
( Pemerintah sangat berkonsentrasi terutama untuk
mengontrol inflasi )

3.      The government has singularly failed to do anything
about unemployement.
(Pemerintah telah gagal melakukan segala cara
khususnya untuk mengatasi masalah pengangguran)

7. EXCEPTION:

That is the word / phrase that is used to make exception. Word / phrase that is often used:

aside from = kecuali (American English)
apart from = kecuali (British English)
barring = kecuali
beside = kecuali
except = kecuali
excepting = kecuali
excluding = tidak termasuk, kecuali
exclusive of = kecuali
other than = kecuali
outside of = kecuali

Examples

1.      Apart from going to Italy and Spain, he will also visit
Britain.
( Disamping dia akan bepergian ke Italy dan Spanyol,
dia juga akan mengunjungi Inggris)

2.      Barring accidents, we should arrive home on time.
(Kalau tidak ada kecelakaan, kami akan tiba di
rumah tepat waktu)

3.      The price of the excursion is exclusive of
accommodation.
( Biaya perjalanan ini di luar biaya akomodasi)

8. EXEMPLIFYING:

That is the word / phrase that is used to provide examples of the previous statement. Words / Phrases used commonly used are:

chiefly = khususnya
especially = khususnya
for instance = misalnya
in particular = khususya
markedly = yaitu
namely = yaitu
particularly = khususnya
including = termasuk
specifically = khususnya
such as = seperti

Examples

1.      I live in the village chiefly to avoid the noise.
(Saya tinggal di desa khususnya untuk menghindari
kebisingan)

2.      The price of the excursion is including the
accommodation.
(Biaya perjalanan ini sudah termasuk biaya
akomodasi)

3.      Only one employee was absent, namely Mr. Sinaga.
(Hanya satu karyawan yang mangkir, yaitu Pak
Sinaga)

9. GENERALIZING:

That is the word used to provide general overview of the previous statement. Word / phrase that is often used is used are:

as a rule = biasanya
as usual = biasanya
for the most part = pada umumnya
generally = umumnya
generally speaking = secara umum
ordinarily = biasanya
usually = biasanya

Examples

1.      My father usually goes to office by car.
(Ayah saya biasanya pergi ke kantor naik mobil )

2.      As usual , he complained again.
(Seperti biasa, dia mengeluh lagi)

3.      Ordinarily, I find this job easy, but today, I’m having
problems.
( Biasanya pekerjaan ini mudah bagi saya, tapi kok
hari ini saya kesulitan sekali )

10. ILLUSTRATION:

That is the word / phrase that illustrates the previous statement. Words / phrases are often used used:

for example = contohnya
for instance = contohnya
for one thing = contohnya
as an illustration = sebagai ilutrasi, contohnya
illustrated with = diilustrasikan dengan
as an example = contohnya
in this case = contohnya

Examples

1.      Take, for instance , the case of “Robot Gedek”.
(Ambillah kasus contohnya kasus Robot Gedek)

2.      As an example of The fail to control the inflation is
the fail of the government on economics sectors.
(Contohnya kegagalan mengontrol inflasi merupakan
kegagalan pemerintah dalam bidang ekonomi )

3.      Consider, in this case , the effect of Global Warming.
(Pertimbangkanlah, contohnya, pengaruh dari
Pemanasan global)

11. SIMILARITY:

The words / phrases that equate statement prior to the statement after the word / phrase is. Word / phrase that is often used is used are:

coupled with = disatukan dengan
correspondingly = sesuai dengan
identically = identik dengan
likewise = sama dengan, demikian juga
similar = sama dengan
moreover = selain itu
together with = sama dengan

Examples

1.      The word of “Ambon” is forever coupled with the
word of “Bika”.
(Kata “Ambon” selamanya akan disatukan dengan
kata “Bika” )

2.      The new exam is longer and correspondingly more
difficult to pass.
(Ujian baru ini akan lebih lama dan sepertinya akan
lebih sulit untuk lulus)

3.      Together with Amrin, there are 12 of us in this room.
(Dengan Amrin, semuanya ada 12 orang dalam
ruangan ini)

12. RESTATEMENT:

That is the word / phrase that gives a restatement. Word / phrase that is often used is used are:

in essence = intinya
in other words = dengan kara lain
namely = yaitu
that is = yaitu
that is to say = yaitu
in short = singkatnya
in brief = singkatnya

Examples

1.      The two arguments are in essence the same.
(Kedua argumen itu pada intinya sama )

2.      Only one boy was absent, namely Henry.
(Hanya ada 1 orang yang absen, yaitu Henry )

3.      In breif, your work is disappointing.
(Singkatnya, pekerjaanmu mengecewakan )

13. SEQUENCE:

That is the word / phrase that serves to weave statements with other statements. Word / Phrase used frequently used are:

at first = mulanya
first of all = pertama sekali
to begin with = pertama sekali
in the first place = pertama sekali
at the same time = pada kesempatan yang sama
for now = mulai sekarang
for the time being = mulai sekarang
the next step = selanjutnya
in time = pada waktunya
in turn = pada gilirannya
later on = selanjutnya
meanwhile = sementara itu
next = selanjutnya
then = selanjutnya
soon = segera
the meantime = sementara
later = kemudian
while = kemudian
earlier = pada awalnya
simultaneously = secara simultan
afterward = selanjutnya
in conclusion = kesimpulannya
with this in mind = kesimpulannya

Examples

1.      First of all , I’d like to thank to all of you.
(Pertama sekali saya ingin mengucapkan terima
kasih kepada Anda semua)

2.      Next, I also thank to my parents for their big
support.
( Kemudian, saya juga berterima kasih kepada orang
tua saya yang telah mendukung saya)

3.      In conclusion, I will not pass without all of you here.
(Kesimpulannya, saya tidak akan lulus tanpa
bantuan Anda semua disini )

14. SUMMARIZING:

That is the word / phrase which serves to conclude statement a statement. Words / Phrases used commonly used are:

after all = singkatnya
all in all = singkatnya
all things considered = singkatnya
briefly = singkatnya
by and large = singkatnya
in any case = singkatnya
in any event = singkatnya
in brief = kesimpulannya
in conclusion = kesimpulannya
on the whole = kesimpulannya
in short = kesimpulannya
in summary = kesimpulannya
in the final analysis = kesimpulannya
in the long run = kesimpulannya
on balance = kesimpulannya
to sum up = kesimpulannya
to summarize = kesimpulannya
finally = kesimpulannya

Examples

1.      I find the job finally .
(Akhirnya saya dapat pekerjaan)

2.      In any case, your work disappoints me.
(Kesimpulannya, pekerjaanmu mengecewakan saya)

3.      All in all , you both love each other.
(Kesimpulannya, kamu berdua sebenarnya saling
mencintai)